The 1800 United States census was the second census conducted in the United States. It was conducted on August 4, 1800. It showed that 5,308,483 people were living in the United States, of whom 893,602 were slaves. The 1800 census included the new District of Columbia. The census for the following states were lost: Georgia, Kentucky, New Jersey, Tennessee, and Virginia.
| North | Slaves | Free Black | White | Total |
| Connecticut | 951 | 5,330 | 244,721 | 251,002 |
| Indiana (territory) | 135 | 163 | 5,343 | 5,641 |
| Maine (territory) | 0 | 818 | 150,901 | 151,719 |
| Massachusetts | 0 | 6,452 | 416,393 | 422,845 |
| New Hampshire | 8 | 852 | 182,998 | 183,858 |
| New Jersey | 12,422 | 4,402 | 194,325 | 211,149 |
| New York | 20,163 | 10,374 | 555,513 | 586,050 |
| Pennsylvania | 1,706 | 14,564 | 586,275 | 602,545 |
| Rhode Island | 380 | 3,304 | 65,438 | 69,122 |
| Vermont | 0 | 557 | 153,908 | 154,465 |
| Totals | 35,765 | 46,816 | 2,555,815 | 2,638,396 |
| South | Slaves | Free Black | White | Total |
| Delaware | 6,153 | 8,268 | 51,487 | 65,908 |
| Georgia | 59,699 | 1919 | 101,068 | 162,686 |
| Kentucky (territory) | 40,343 | 741 | 179,875 | 220,959 |
| Maryland | 105,635 | 19,587 | 196,402 | 321,624 |
| Mississippi (territory) | 3,489 | 182 | 5,179 | 8,850 |
| North Carolina | 133,296 | 7,043 | 337,764 | 478,103 |
| South Carolina | 146,151 | 3,185 | 196,255 | 345,591 |
| Virginia | 346,671 | 20,493 | 518,985 | 886,149 |
| Totals | 841,437 | 61,418 | 1,587,015 | 2,489,870 |
| US Totals | 877,202 | 108,234 | 4,142,830 | 5,128,266 |
