The 1790 United States census was the first United States census. It recorded the population of the whole United States as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article 1, Section 2, of the Constitution and applicable laws. In the first census, the population of the United States was enumerated to be 3,929,214 inhabitants. Source
| North | Slaves | Free Black | White | Total |
| Connecticut | 2,648 | 2,771 | 232,527 | 237,946 |
| Maine (Territory) | 0 | 536 | 96,004 | 96540 |
| Massachusetts | 0 | 5,369 | 373,418 | 378787 |
| New Hampshire | 157 | 630 | 141,098 | 141885 |
| New Jersey | 11,423 | 2,762 | 169,954 | 184,139 |
| New York | 21,193 | 4,682 | 314,245 | 340,120 |
| Pennsylvania | 3,707 | 6,531 | 424,135 | 434,373 |
| Rhode Island | 958 | 3,484 | 64,383 | 68825 |
| Vermont | 0 | 269 | 85,270 | 85539 |
| Totals | 40,086 | 27,034 | 1,901,034 | 1,968,154 |
| South | Slaves | Free Black | White | Total |
| Delaware | 8,887 | 3,899 | 46,308 | 59,094 |
| Georgia | 29,264 | 398 | 52,886 | 82,548 |
| Kentucky (territory) | 12,430 | 114 | 61,133 | 73,677 |
| Maryland | 103,036 | 8,043 | 208,469 | 319,548 |
| North Carolina | 100,783 | 5,041 | 287,917 | 393,741 |
| South Carolina | 107,094 | 1,801 | 140,178 | 249,073 |
| Virginia | 292,627 | 12,866 | 442,117 | 747,610 |
| Totals | 654,121 | 32,162 | 1,239,008 | 1,925,291 |
| US Totals | 694,207 | 59,196 | 3,140,042 | 3,893,445 |
